Menopause

Perimenopause refers to the transitional stage leading up to menopause and ending 12 months after the final menstrual period.

During this time, fluctuations in hormone levels may lead to a range of symptoms, including:

• Hot flushes

• Changes in menstrual bleeding patterns

• Night sweats

Night sweats, which are hot flushes occurring during sleep, may disrupt sleep quality and contribute to changes in mood, concentration, and overall daytime functioning.

​

It is important to note that pregnancy can still occur during perimenopause. Individuals who do not wish to conceive should continue using contraception until at least 12 months after their final menstrual period if aged over 50, or 24 months if under 50.

​​​

​

Natural menopause is defined as the spontaneous and permanent cessation of menstruation that is not the result of medical treatment or surgical intervention. It is diagnosed retrospectively after 12 consecutive months without menstrual bleeding.

 

Post menopause refers to the stage following menopause, beginning 12 months after the final menstrual period and continuing for the remainder of life. During this stage, women may experience:

• Vaginal dryness, reduced lubrication, and changes in sexual desire, which can affect sexual health and intimacy

• Urinary changes, including urgency or increased susceptibility to infections

• Bone density loss and increased risk of osteoporosis

• Changes in metabolism, weight distribution, and cardiovascular health

• Sleep disturbances, mood changes, and fatigue, which may impact daily life and relationships

 

It is important to discuss any persistent or troubling symptoms with a healthcare provider. Management options may include lifestyle strategies, symptom-specific treatments, or medical therapies such as hormone replacement therapy. Open communication with partners and support networks can also help maintain healthy sexual and emotional relationships during this transition.